Rylan Schaeffer

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Cauchy Distribution

The density is properly normalized:

\[\int_{\mathbb{R}} p(x \lvert x_0, \gamma) dx = \frac{1}{\pi} \tan^{-1} (\frac{x - x_0}{\gamma}) \big\lvert_{-\infty}^{\infty} = \frac{1}{\pi}(\pi / 2 + \pi/2) = 1\]

To see why, consider \(\frac{1}{\pi} \int_{\mathbb{R}} \frac{x}{1+x^2} dx = \frac{2}{\pi} \int_0^{\infty} \frac{x}{1+x^2} dx = \frac{1}{\pi} \lim_{x \rightarrow \infty} \log(1 + x^2)\)